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A suffix is added on to a verb to express the English word 'If'. The suffix is;

'-se/sa'

(see vowel harmony to know which to use)

The word 'eser' is sometimes used at the start of a conditional sentence and simply means 'if', but this doesn't have to be used as the suffix will show it is a conditional sentence.

The formula to make this tense is;

verb + -se/sa + personal ending

It takes the same personal endings as the past tense which are;

examples

verb + -se/sa + personal ending

gel + se + m = if i come
oku + sa + n = if you come
bil + se = if he knows
git + se + k = if we go
anla + sa + nız = if you understand
oku + sa + lar = if they read

This can also be used with the present continuous tense

examples

verb + present continuous + -se/sa + personal

gel + iyor + sa + n = geliyorsan = if you are coming
oku + yor + sa + m = okuyorsam = if i am reading
gel + mi + yor + sa + n = gelmiyorsan = if you are not coming
etc

It can also be used with 'var' and 'yok';

'varsa' = 'if there is....'
'yoksa' = 'if there isn't'

examples

araba varsan = if there is a car
para yoksa = if there is no money

The conditional tense can also be used with the 'to be' tense. It uses the same personal endings but if placed after a vowel, you must change it into 'yse/ysa'.

examples
hastaysam = if i am ill
yorgunsan = if you are tired
mutluysak = if we are happy
iyi değilsen = if you are not alright
etc

Click here to test yourself on this section

I	....m
You (singular/familiar)	....n
He/She/It	(no personal ending)
We	....k
You (plural/polite)	....niz (or 'nız'/'nüz'/'nuz')
They	....ler (or 'lar')